The World Anti-Doping Code defines the following 11 anti-doping rule violations. Furthermore, these violations do not only apply to athletes; depending on the type of violation, support staff (instructors, coaches, team doctors, etc.) may also be subject to the rule.

No.1

Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample

It is each Athlete’s personal responsibility to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters his or her body. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance, or its metabolites or markers found in their sample.

No.2

Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method

An Athlete must ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters their bodies and that no Prohibited Method is used.

No.3

Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection by an Athlete

If an Athlete refuses or fails to submit to testing without compelling justification after notification, they can be sanctioned. If an Athlete evades testing, they can also be sanctioned.

No.4

Whereabouts Failures by an Athlete

If an Athlete has 3 Whereabouts Failures (either a Missed Test or Filing Failure) in a 12 month period, this is an Anti-Doping Rule Violation, and the Athlete can be sanctioned.

No.5

Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any Part of Doping Control by an Athlete or Other Person

Any attempt to tamper with any part of Doping Control may be an Anti-Doping Rule Violation.

No.6

Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Athlete Support Person

Athletes and Athlete Support Persons can be sanctioned for possessing Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods. This is the case even if they have not used the Prohibited Substance or the Prohibited Method.

No.7

Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Other Person

Athletes or other Persons bound by an anti-doping policy can receive a sanction for Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking Prohibited substances or Prohibited Methods.

No.8

Administration or Attempted Administration by an Athlete or Other Person to any Athlete of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method

If an Athlete, or other Person bound by an anti-doping policy administers or attempts to administer any Prohibited Method or Substance to an Athlete, they may be sanctioned.

No.9

Complicity or Attempted Complicity by an Athlete or Other Person

If an Athlete or other Person bound by an anti-doping policy commits to assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other complicity involving any type of Anti-Doping Rule Violation or attempted Anti-Doping Rule Violation, they may be sanctioned.

No.10

Prohibited Association by an Athlete or Other Person

Athletes, or other Persons bound by an anti-doping policy are not allowed to associate with an Athlete Support Person in a professional or sport-related capacity who:

• is serving a sanction for an Anti-Doping Rule Violation, or
• is not subject to a sport’s anti-doping policy but has been criminally convicted or professionally disciplined in relation to doping, or
• is serving as a front or intermediary for an individual described above.

No.11

Acts by an Athlete or Other Person to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting to Authorities

It is an offence by an Athlete or other Person bound by an anti-doping policy to discourage or retaliate against someone for reporting information relating to an Anti-Doping Rule Violation, non-compliance with the Code or other doping activity.

The following page summarized by UK Anti-Doping Agency is also very helpful:
https://www.ukad.org.uk/sites/default/files/2020-12/UKAD%20ADRV%20infographic%20FINAL_0.pdf

For Japanese-speaking members, the following links are useful:
https://www.playtruejapan.org/entry_img/wada_code_2021_jp_20201218.pdf